Upper Terraces: Closed Cone Pines & Pygmy Forest
- Soils extremely podzolized.
- Former bog soils, extremely acidic, oxygen poor, and poorly drained.
- Leaching of minerals has formed a hardpan underneath.
- Pygmy Cypress may be 100s of years old and only 10 ft.
- Bolander Pine (Pygmy Pine) may be 4-5 ft. and only 60 years old.
- Rhododendrons and huckleberries common here.